| Function | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| UPPER() | Converts text to uppercase | SELECT UPPER(name) FROM students; |
| LOWER() | Converts text to lowercase | SELECT LOWER(name) FROM students; |
| LENGTH() / LEN() | Finds length of a string | SELECT LENGTH(name) FROM students; |
| ROUND() | Rounds a number to given decimals | SELECT ROUND(123.456, 2); |
| NOW() / CURRENT_DATE() | Returns current date/time | SELECT NOW(); |
| ABS() | Returns absolute (positive) value | SELECT ABS(-10); |
| SQRT() | Returns square root | SELECT SQRT(16); |
| CONCAT() | Joins multiple strings | SELECT CONCAT(first_name, last_name) FROM students; |
| SUBSTRING() | Extracts part of a string | SELECT SUBSTRING(name, 1, 3) FROM students; |
| TRIM() | Removes leading/trailing spaces | SELECT TRIM(name) FROM students; |
Lab Assignment/Tutorial
Scaler Functions
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